@article { author = {Mohammadi, Mehrdad and Chanda, Subhrajit and Saha, Kingshuk}, title = {Structure and Competence of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in the Settlement of Sport Disputes}, journal = {Research in Exercise and Law}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Gonabad}, issn = {2783-5413}, eissn = {2783-4484}, doi = {10.22034/rel.2021.246568}, abstract = {Today arbitration, as a commonly used method of resolving all kinds of disputes, has a special place among the stakeholders, especially in sporting disputes. The use of this method in resolving sporting disputes can reduce the number of parties seeking recourse to the courts as arbitration is a faster and more precise method in resolving such disputes. The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) is one of the international institutions established to resolve sporting disputes through specialized arbitration. Despite the fact that more than three decades have passed since the establishment of this Court, and the Court has since handled several essential cases (like one case where one of the parties was Iranian), the Court’s jurisdiction and structure are not yet well known; among scholars and laypeople.. Therefore, a proper understanding of this arbitration machinery is necessary; therefore, the present article seeks to examine the jurisdiction and structure of the tribunal in resolving sporting disputes in order to discover more about it.}, keywords = {}, url = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246568.html}, eprint = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246568_0d45bdbe378790ed0fd75bf7490037b4.pdf} } @article { author = {Nunes, William and Tarun, *}, title = {Nationalism and Hooliganism: A Critical Analysis of International and Domestic Regulations with reference to Indian Football}, journal = {Research in Exercise and Law}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {14-28}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Gonabad}, issn = {2783-5413}, eissn = {2783-4484}, doi = {10.22034/rel.2021.246647}, abstract = {Hooliganism or spectator violence has become an unfortunate sight in stadiums. Racial slurs, fist fights and damaging stadiums have become common means to express support for one’s team. Sociologist and political thinkers have connected the phenomenon to human passion and nationalism. While sports evolved as an instrument for promoting peace and cooperation, sports have manifested political dimensions, as a tool for diplomacy but also brought nationalist force reflecting national conflicts. These incidents have pushed the international football regulators like FIFA and UEFA and domestic football administrator, AIFF, to formulate rules and regulations to monitor fans’ behaviours. Stringent sanctions like heavy fines and match suspension have been added to the disciplinary codes and the duty to take care has been shifted to the hosting team. This paper is an attempt to examine the relationship between sports, nationalism and regulations with reference to international football.}, keywords = {Hooliganism,Fans,Nationalism,Sports Law,Football}, url = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246647.html}, eprint = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246647_5d2423fb32533d918a3f4adaec084a17.pdf} } @article { author = {saeedi, Majid}, title = {The Establishment of a National Institution of Arbitration for Sport : with an Emphasis on the Situation in Iran}, journal = {Research in Exercise and Law}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {29-45}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Gonabad}, issn = {2783-5413}, eissn = {2783-4484}, doi = {10.22034/rel.2021.246711}, abstract = {Since its establishment in 1984, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) has played a key and decisive role in addressing the sports legal disputes, and the tendency of national Olympic committees, various international and national federations, sports stakeholders to refer disputes to this bod. In the meantime, different countries have taken a big step towards resolving sports disputes at the national level by following the example of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) and establishing arbitration bodies. Careful study of their statutes and extraction of useful cases and given the large volume of disputes in this area can be effective in establishing this body in Iran. The issue of establishing a national arbitration body, which has been raised by the Ministry of Sports and the National Olympic Committee for a decade, is facing various legal challenges in the Iranian legal system. By looking at these challenges and trying to solve them, we should pave the way to establish such a body.}, keywords = {Sports Law,Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS),Dispute Resolution,National Institution of Arbitration for Sport}, url = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246711.html}, eprint = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246711_d6c9a46135df9768933d6e0cebc95445.pdf} } @article { author = {Ahaninjan, Hamid and Akbariyazdi, Hosein and Elahi, Alireza}, title = {The Role of Service Quality and Image of the Organization in Individuals’ Emotional Satisfaction and Loyalty with a Focus on Customers’ Rights in Tehran Sports Complexes}, journal = {Research in Exercise and Law}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {46-59}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Gonabad}, issn = {2783-5413}, eissn = {2783-4484}, doi = {10.22034/rel.2021.246844}, abstract = {Today, many sports complexes require loyal and regular customers to survive, so arrangements must be made to allow emotional satisfaction and enthusiasm and passion for individuals to re-enter the complexes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of service quality and organizational image in emotional satisfaction and loyalty of customers in Tehran sports complexes. In terms of its purpose, the study was applied and in terms of method, it was a descriptive survey. The statistical population comprised all male and female customers of sports complexes (Yas, Shahid Boroujerdi, Fadak, and Shohada) in Tehran, and the sample size included 204 individuals who were selected based on availability voluntary sampling using Barkley et al.’s model. To collect data, Ladhari’s (2009) emotional satisfaction questionnaire, Nguyen et al.’s (2001) organizational image questionnaire, Ladhari’s customer loyalty questionnaire and Ladhari et al.’s (2011) service quality questionnaire, were used. The questionnaires were distributed in person among 487 people and among the received answers 204 questionnaires were acceptable. In order to investigate the construct validity of the questionnaire, a confirmatory factor analysis, and for its reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient formula were used. Also, to analyze the data, structural equation modeling and SPSS and SMART PLS software were used. The findings of the research showed that the service quality had a significant effect on the organizational image, and the service quality and organizational image variables had a positive and significant effect on the customer satisfaction and loyalty. Also, the service quality and organizational image had a great effect on the customer loyalty.}, keywords = {Customer Loyalty,sports complexes,Service Quality,emotional satisfaction,organizational image,customers}, url = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246844.html}, eprint = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246844_c3ca3566e6d1265c78d04467a557947f.pdf} } @article { author = {Ghorbanzadeh, Mohammad and yarahmadi, jalal}, title = {Arbitrability of Sports Disputes in the Field of Sports Marketing in the International Legal System}, journal = {Research in Exercise and Law}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {60-72}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Gonabad}, issn = {2783-5413}, eissn = {2783-4484}, doi = {10.22034/rel.2021.246846}, abstract = {Arbitrability or the ability to refer disputes to arbitration is a concept that clarifies the scope of litigation that can be referred to arbitration as a private method of resolving disputes. The issue of arbitration may arise at different stages of the proceedings. Complaints of non-arbitration in sports marketing disputes may be made directly to the sports dispute arbitration tribunal. If the arbitral tribunal finds such an objection, it will prevent the proceedings by issuing an order or ruling; Otherwise, the arbitral tribunal may recognize its jurisdiction by issuing a separate judgment or only by continuing the proceedings. The main question of the present study is that given the laws and procedures of international jurisprudence and arbitration in sports dispute arbitration in the field of sports marketing, what is the law to execute in this regard? Based on the result of the study, it is revealed that governments, because of their respective public policies, tend to apply their law to arbitration. The New York Convention of 1958, which is considered to be the most important arbitration convention to date, recognizes this tendency of States . The arbitral tribunal shall seek a separate solution other than that provided for in the International Arbitration Conventions and the UNCITRAL Model Law. Nonetheless, if the institution pays attention to arbitration theory, it will encounter several scattered ideas.}, keywords = {Arbitrability,Sports Marketing,International Law,New York Convention}, url = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246846.html}, eprint = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246846_75f38a3e8379bb8e5f75608f6405a3a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Hajizadeh, Mohsen and Shadmani, Amirhosein}, title = {Sport in the Islamic Penal Code of Iran: from protection of Sports Activities to the Corrective and Educational Role of Sport}, journal = {Research in Exercise and Law}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {73-81}, year = {2021}, publisher = {University of Gonabad}, issn = {2783-5413}, eissn = {2783-4484}, doi = {10.22034/rel.2021.246850}, abstract = {Today, sports plays an important role in social activities. Sports has amateur and professional fans. Sports has many positive effects on society. Sports contributes to the formation of peace in society. Sports is also effective in reducing crime and correcting criminals The Islamic Penal Code od Iran pays attention to sports and sports activities. there are two articles concerning sport in this code. Article 43 views sport as a way to correct the offender, and Article 158 of the Islamic Penal Code does not criminalize sports activities under certain conditions, even if they are a crime. This descriptive-analytical research has tried to examine the role and position of sports in this law. The inclusion of these two articles in the Islamic Penal Code shows that the legislator has tried to use the educational effects of sports to correct criminals and to provide legal protection to athletes who commit crimes in sports. The Islamic Penal Code provides both criminal protection for sports activities and the corrective role of sports in society}, keywords = {Sports,Crime,penal code,Islamic Regulation}, url = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246850.html}, eprint = {https://rel.gonabad.ac.ir/article_246850_1bf96f89763606440c22729367624e44.pdf} }